Heatwaves in Europe: Understanding the Atmospheric Patterns Behind Their Persistence
More than half of Europe is currently experiencing a heatwave, with temperatures exceeding records. These extreme heat periods can last for over a week, and while they are common during summers, it is difficult to predict with certainty how long they will persist.
Atmospheric Patterns at Play
Scientists have discovered that two specific atmospheric patterns could be responsible for the persistence of these heatwaves in Europe. The first pattern concerns the position and intensity of high-pressure systems forming above the European continent. When these high-pressure systems are particularly strong and stable, they can block meteorological systems and prevent the arrival of fresh air, contributing to the prolongation of heatwave periods.
The second pattern is related to the airflow currents circulating in the atmosphere. Researchers have observed that certain configurations of these airflow currents can reinforce high pressures and contribute to maintaining heat over a longer period. These discoveries are important as they could improve the ability to predict heatwaves, allowing authorities to take measures to protect both the population and the environment.
The position of high-pressure systems is influenced by the configuration of global airflow patterns, such as the jet stream. When the jet stream is particularly strong and stable, it can contribute to the formation of strong and stable high pressures above Europe. Additionally, changes in air temperature and humidity can also influence the formation of these high pressures.